Fruit & Tree Nut Farming

Fruit and Tree Nut Farming includes establishments primarily engaged in growing fruit and tree nut crops. Major products include citrus (oranges, lemons, grapefruit), deciduous fruits (apples, grapes, peaches, cherries), berries (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries), tropical fruits, and tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, pecans, pistachios). California dominates this subsector, producing the vast majority of the nation's almonds, grapes, strawberries, and citrus, while Florida remains a significant citrus producer and Washington leads in apple production.

Unlike annual crops, fruit and tree nut operations involve multi-year establishment periods before orchards and vineyards reach full production. This creates high upfront capital requirements and long investment horizons. Water access is paramount — many of the highest-value production regions depend on irrigated agriculture in arid or semi-arid climates. Pollination services, particularly honeybee rental for almond orchards, represent a unique input cost for this subsector.

The industry serves fresh-market, juice, wine, dried fruit, and nut processing channels. Export demand is substantial, with almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and table grapes ranking among the top agricultural exports by value. Quality standards, grading systems, and marketing orders administered by the USDA and state agencies help manage supply and maintain price stability.