NAICS 339

Miscellaneous Manufacturing

NAICS 339: Miscellaneous manufacturing — medical devices, jewelry, sporting goods, toys, and specialty products.

Industry at a Glance

Sector-wide aggregates across all businesses classified under NAICS 339 (2017 classification frame). For specific sub-industries within this sector, see the individual reports below.

Employment
558K
US Census CBP · 2023 · NAICS 2017
Establishments
24K
US Census CBP · 2023 · NAICS 2017
Annual Payroll
$41.2B
US Census CBP · 2023 · NAICS 2017
Avg Annual Wage
$73,917
Derived from US Census CBP · 2023 · NAICS 2017
Market Size
$162.0B
US Census Economic Census · 2022 · NAICS 2017

Industry Overview

Miscellaneous manufacturing (NAICS 339) covers the production of medical devices, dental equipment, ophthalmic goods, jewelry, sporting goods, toys, office supplies, signs, and other specialized products that do not fit within the primary manufacturing subsectors. The medical device segment dominates — it accounts for the largest share of subsector revenue and is concentrated in the Minneapolis-St. Paul corridor (Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott), Southern California (Edwards Lifesystems), and the Route 128 corridor around Boston (Hologic, Integra LifeSciences).

FDA regulatory requirements define the operating environment for the medical device companies that anchor this subsector. Class II and Class III devices require 510(k) clearance or premarket approval (PMA) respectively, creating multi-year development timelines and compliance costs that function as barriers to entry. The FDA Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) and the 21st Century Cures Act have modified the approval pathway, and the medical device excise tax — enacted, suspended, and repealed multiple times — illustrates the policy uncertainty manufacturers navigate.

Outside medical devices, the subsector includes Signet Jewelers and Tiffany (now LVMH-owned) in the jewelry segment, Rawlings (owned by Seidler Equity Partners) and Wilson Sporting Goods (owned by Amer Sports) in sporting goods, and Hasbro and Mattel in toys. These segments operate under Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) regulations, including ASTM F963 toy safety standards and CPSIA lead and phthalate limits for children's products. Manufacturing in these categories has largely moved offshore, with domestic operations focused on design, prototyping, and specialty production.

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Industry Trends

FDA

FDA's De Novo classification pathway is accelerating market access for novel medical devices that lack a predicate, particularly in digital health, surgical robotics, and continuous glucose monitoring — categories where Intuitive Surgical and Dexcom are expanding production.

02

Additive manufacturing (metal 3D printing) is moving from prototyping to production in orthopedic implants and dental prosthetics, with companies like Stryker and Zimmer Biomet printing titanium spinal implants at commercial scale.

CPSC

CPSC enforcement of updated ASTM F963 toy safety standards and California Proposition 65 chemical disclosure requirements are increasing compliance costs for domestic toy and sporting goods producers, favoring larger manufacturers with dedicated regulatory teams.

RJC

Signet Jewelers and other major jewelry retailers are sourcing from Responsible Jewellery Council (RJC) certified suppliers, pushing domestic manufacturers to adopt traceability systems for precious metals and gemstone provenance.

FDA

Contract manufacturing of Class II medical devices is growing as startups and digital health companies outsource production to established manufacturers with FDA-registered facilities and existing quality management systems.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is NAICS 339? ▾
NAICS 339 is the residual manufacturing subsector covering products not classified elsewhere — primarily medical devices and surgical instruments, dental equipment, ophthalmic goods, jewelry, sporting goods, toys, office supplies, and signs. Medical device manufacturing is the dominant segment by revenue and employment, while the consumer products segments are heavily import-dependent with domestic operations concentrated on design and specialty production.
Why is Minneapolis-St. Paul the center of U.S. medical device manufacturing? ▾
The cluster traces to the founding of Medtronic in 1949 and the subsequent spinout of hundreds of device companies over decades. The metro area hosts over 500 medical device firms including Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott (St. Jude Medical legacy), and numerous smaller specialists. The concentration creates a self-reinforcing ecosystem of engineering talent, contract manufacturers, regulatory consultants, and clinical trial infrastructure connected to the Mayo Clinic in nearby Rochester.
What FDA pathways govern medical device approval? ▾
Class I devices (low risk) are mostly exempt from premarket review. Class II devices require 510(k) clearance demonstrating substantial equivalence to a predicate device. Class III devices (highest risk, like implantable defibrillators) require Premarket Approval (PMA) with clinical trial data. The De Novo pathway serves novel devices without a predicate that present moderate risk. The 21st Century Cures Act created a Breakthrough Devices program to expedite review for transformative technologies.
How does the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act affect toy and sporting goods manufacturing? ▾
CPSIA requires third-party testing and certification for children's products, sets lead content limits at 100 ppm and restricts phthalates in toys, and mandates tracking labels for product tracing. Compliance requires manufacturers to maintain testing relationships with CPSC-accepted laboratories and implement batch-level documentation. These requirements disproportionately burden smaller domestic producers and have contributed to the concentration of toy manufacturing among larger firms like Hasbro and Mattel with dedicated compliance infrastructure.
What role does 3D printing play in medical device manufacturing? ▾
Additive manufacturing has moved from prototyping into production for orthopedic implants (porous titanium spinal cages), dental crowns and aligners, and surgical planning models. Stryker, Zimmer Biomet, and Smith+Nephew operate metal 3D printing facilities producing FDA-cleared implants. The technology enables patient-specific geometries and porous surface structures that promote bone ingrowth — capabilities impossible with traditional machining.

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