Colleges, universities, and professional schools — US Industry Report
The colleges, universities, and professional schools industry in the United States generated an estimated $104.6B in annual revenue across 4.0K establishments employing 1.86M workers (Census Bureau). This 32-page report analyzes industry performance, competitive dynamics, and delivers 5-year growth forecasts.
Industry Snapshot
- ▸Higher education payroll expanding while institutional headcount contracts
- ▸Regional employment concentration reveals structural imbalance in sector distribution
- ▸Workforce displacement driving enrollment demand across degree-granting institutions
- ▸Sector employment declining as wage pressures significantly outpace economic growth
Table of Contents
Key takeaways, industry definition, and current state overview. Covers the industry's scope, principal activities, NAICS classification context, and a concise snapshot of where the industry stands today. Reading this alone gives decision-makers the high-level picture they need before diving into data-backed chapters.
Historical performance analysis covering establishments, employment, and payroll (2019-2025). Examines what has driven industry performance in recent years, how the industry has responded to macroeconomic cycles, and which operating conditions have shaped revenue and labor dynamics. Includes source-cited tables and year-by-year data points.
5-year projections (2026-2030) with base case, bull case, and bear case scenarios. Each scenario combines historical trends, macroeconomic indicators from FRED, and industry-specific signals. Addresses questions on expected trajectory, forecast risk, downside drivers, and the assumptions behind each scenario.
Growth drivers, risk factors, and external environment analysis. Unpacks the forces that will shape the industry over the forecast horizon — demographic shifts, regulatory changes, technology adoption, and cyclical exposure. Frames both the upside opportunities and the structural risks operators and investors should weigh.
Market structure, concentration, barriers to entry, and competitive dynamics. Describes how the industry is structured between incumbents and entrants, typical competitive strategies, and what separates successful operators. Standard-tier reports add the official CR4, CR8, CR20, CR50 and HHI from the Census Economic Census, plus the largest public operators named from SEC EDGAR 10-K filings.
Cost structure, labor requirements, technology factors, and the regulatory environment. Examines where operators spend, how sensitive margins are to input costs, what workforce and technology investments are typical, and which compliance and regulatory constraints shape day-to-day operations and long-term planning.
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats — each supported by concrete evidence from the underlying data. Moves beyond generic bullet points by tying each SWOT element to specific metrics, structural trends, or external forces identified elsewhere in the report. Useful for strategic planning and risk assessment.
Regional market concentration, wage dynamics, and emerging geographic opportunities. Breaks establishments, employment, and payroll down by state and region, identifies where the industry is densest, where it is growing fastest, and how local labor markets and wage levels differ. Standard-tier and higher includes state-level tables.
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The Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry (NAICS 611310) encompasses 4.0K establishments in the United States employing 1.86M workers, generating an estimated $104.6B in annual revenue (Census Bureau). Classified within Educational Services, the industry is positioned in a decline phase of its life cycle.
This report examines historical performance trends (2019-2025), competitive structure, geographic distribution, and provides a 5-year outlook (2026-2030) with growth drivers, risk factors, and industry-specific SWOT analysis.
Products & Services
Key service categories in the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry.
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Top Questions Answered
What is the market size of the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry?
Census does not publish industry revenue for NAICS 611310: the Economic Census returns no receipts for this industry in either its 2022 or 2017 vintage. Full analysis available in report.
How fast is the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry growing?
The Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry has demonstrated strong growth over the measured period, outpacing the broader economy and reflecting sustained demand for post-secondary... Full analysis available in report.
What is the outlook for the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry?
The industry is projected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by persistent employer demand for credentialed graduates, increasing participation from adult learners seeking career transitions,... Full analysis available in report.
What does the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry include?
NAICS 611310 covers establishments primarily engaged in furnishing academic courses and granting degrees at the associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional levels — including... Full analysis available in report.
How many colleges and universities operate in the United States?
The Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry comprised approximately 4,000 establishments as of 2023 (Census CBP), collectively employing around 1.86 million workers across... Full analysis available in report.
How competitive is the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry?
Competition in the industry is shaped by high barriers to entry — including accreditation requirements, capital-intensive physical infrastructure, and the reputational tenure needed to attract... Full analysis available in report.
What do employees in the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry typically earn?
Compensation in the industry varies considerably by role, with tenure-track faculty, medical school professors, and senior administrators commanding substantially higher salaries than adjunct... Full analysis available in report.
Who are the major players in the Colleges, universities, and professional schools industry?
The industry is led by a tier of large public flagship universities and private research institutions that combine significant enrollment scale with diversified revenue streams including sponsored... Full analysis available in report.
Get complete answers with detailed growth rates, forecasts, and competitive analysis.
Methodology
This report is produced using AI-assisted analysis of official US government data sources. Our methodology combines automated data collection from federal statistical databases with AI-assisted synthesis and validation. Every numerical claim undergoes a validation pass against source data.
The Census Bureau's County Business Patterns and Economic Census provide establishment counts, employment, and payroll broken out by NAICS industry and geography. The Bureau of Labor Statistics QCEW program supplies wage data by industry. The Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) service contributes macroeconomic indicators used for industry forecasting — GDP, interest rates, housing starts, and sector-specific indices.
Data freshness varies by source: Census CBP has a ~2 year lag, BLS lags 6-9 months, and FRED provides near real-time macroeconomic data. Each report includes a data currency section showing exact year ranges.
Read our full methodology →Data Sources
Every chart, table, and claim in this report traces back to a published federal statistical database. Each data point in the PDF shows its source so you can verify it against the original dataset.
- U.S. Census Bureau — County Business Patterns & Economic Census
- Bureau of Labor Statistics — QCEW
- Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)
- SEC EDGAR — 10-K filings(Standard tier)
Report Details
Industry Classification (NAICS)
Where this industry sits in the North American Industry Classification System.
Related Industries
Related Guides
Get verified education industry trends data from federal sources. Employment at US Colleges & Universities: 1.86M (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024).
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