NAICS 923

Administration of Human Resource Programs

NAICS 923: Administration of health, education, social services, and veterans' programs — HHS, SSA, VA, and CMS.

Published by VantaInsights Research·Methodology·Data Sources· AI-drafted
Built on data from Census Bureau CBP Bureau of Labor Statistics Federal Reserve FRED SEC EDGAR

Industry Overview

Administration of Human Resource Programs (NAICS 923) covers government agencies that set policy, allocate funding, determine eligibility, and oversee delivery systems for public health, education, social assistance, and veterans' programs. These agencies do not typically deliver services directly — they administer the frameworks through which benefits reach individuals.

Major federal entities include the Department of Health and Human Services (overseeing CMS, ACF, and SAMHSA), the Social Security Administration, the Department of Education, and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services alone administers programs covering over 150 million Americans. At the state level, agencies manage Medicaid (jointly funded with the federal government under Title XIX of the Social Security Act), unemployment insurance under the Federal-State Unemployment Compensation program, TANF cash assistance, and SNAP benefits administered through USDA's Food and Nutrition Service.

The fiscal scale is extraordinary. Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid represent the three largest line items in the federal budget, collectively exceeding discretionary spending by a wide margin. The operational challenge matches the fiscal scale: the Social Security Administration processes millions of retirement and disability claims annually, CMS oversees payment integrity across Medicare's fee-for-service and managed care systems, and the VA operates the nation's largest integrated healthcare system with over 170 medical centers.

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Industry Trends

50%

CMS is expanding Medicare Advantage enrollment, which now covers over 50% of Medicare beneficiaries, shifting administrative relationships from direct fee-for-service claims processing to managed care plan oversight.

COBOL

The Social Security Administration is replacing its COBOL-based legacy systems under a multi-year IT modernization effort, transitioning claims processing to cloud-based platforms to reduce processing backlogs.

PEAK

States are deploying integrated eligibility systems — like Colorado's PEAK platform and California's CalSAWS — that allow residents to apply for Medicaid, SNAP, TANF, and childcare subsidies through a single digital portal.

MISSION

The VA's MISSION Act (2018) expanded veterans' access to community healthcare providers when VA facilities cannot meet timeliness or distance standards, reshaping how the department administers care delivery.

CMS

CMS's Hospital Price Transparency Rule and the No Surprises Act are creating new administrative enforcement responsibilities, with CMS monitoring compliance and issuing penalties to non-compliant providers and insurers.

Specialty Reports Available on Request

4 specialty industriesavailable on request
▾
Administration of Education Programs
923110View →
Administration of Public Health Programs
923120View →
Administration of Human Resource Programs (Except Education, Public Health, & Veterans' Affairs Programs)
923130View →
Administration of Veterans' Affairs
923140View →

Industry Groups

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Administration of Human Resource Programs

Frequently Asked Questions

What is NAICS 923? ▾
NAICS 923 covers government agencies that administer human resource programs — public health, education, social services, and veterans' affairs. Key entities include HHS, the Social Security Administration, the Department of Education, and the VA. These agencies set policy and oversee benefit delivery rather than providing services directly. A state Medicaid agency falls here; the hospitals it pays fall under NAICS 622.
What federal agencies fall under NAICS 923? ▾
The Department of Health and Human Services (including CMS, ACF, and SAMHSA), the Social Security Administration, the Department of Education, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (administering SNAP). State-level counterparts include Medicaid agencies, departments of social services, unemployment insurance divisions, and state education departments.
Why is NAICS 923 the largest fiscal category in the federal budget? ▾
Social Security ($1.4 trillion+), Medicare ($900 billion+), and Medicaid ($600 billion+ federal share) are mandatory spending programs that grow automatically with enrollment. Together they exceed all discretionary spending combined. The aging Baby Boomer cohort is increasing beneficiary counts in both Social Security and Medicare simultaneously, with peak enrollment pressure expected through the 2030s.
How is the VA modernizing veterans' healthcare administration? ▾
The MISSION Act (2018) expanded community care access, allowing veterans to see private providers when VA facilities exceed wait-time or distance standards. The VA is also deploying its new electronic health record system (Oracle Cerner-based) to replace VistA at its medical centers, though the rollout has faced delays and usability challenges at early adoption sites.
What are integrated eligibility systems at the state level? ▾
States like Colorado (PEAK), California (CalSAWS), and Michigan (MiBridges) have built digital platforms where residents can apply for Medicaid, SNAP, TANF, childcare subsidies, and energy assistance through a single portal with shared eligibility verification. These systems reduce duplicate data entry, improve enrollment rates for eligible populations, and lower administrative costs per case.

Related Industries

Executive, Legislative, & Other General Government Support 921Social Assistance 624Hospitals 622Educational Services 611Insurance Carriers & Related Activities 524

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